Symbols and Abbreviations used in Economics

a/A
a	Autonomous component of the consumption function
AD	Aggregate Demand (part of AS/AD Model)
APC	Average Propensity to Consume
APS	Average Propensity to Save
AS	Aggregate Supply (part of AS/AD Model)
ATR	Average Tax Rate
b/B
b	Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)
c/C
C	Consumption
CC	Currency in Circulation
CLR	Long-run consumption function
Cr	Currency Ratio
CSR	Short-run consumption function
d/D
DC	Direct Claims
DD	Demand Deposits
DN	Demand for labour
dX	ΔX = change in X (where X is a variable)
dX/dt	change in X due to change in time (where change is ‘new’ –‘old’)
e/E
ED	Price Elasticity of Demand
E(W)	Expected Wealth
E(X)	Expected value of X, where X is a variable
f/F
F	Fisher index
FX	Foreign Exchange Reserves
g/G
G	Government spending
h/H
h	Autonomous component of the tax function
H	High Powered Money (Monetary Base)
H	Number of hours worked
i/I
I	Net (Fixed) Investment
I	Ig - Kc
i	Nominal interest rate (prime rate)
Ia	Actual investment
ic	Critical interest rate
Id	Desired investment
id	Nominal discount rate
Ig	Gross Investment
in	Interest rate
IS	Investment/Savings
j/J
J	level of inventories
k/K
K	Capital stock
k	A constant
Kc	Depreciation of Capital Stock
l/L
L	Laspeyres index
L	The Lagrangian
L	Leisure
LM	Liquidity Market
m/M
M	Imports
M	Nominal quantity of money in circulation
Md	Nominal money Demand
md	Real money Demand
MEC	Marginal Efficiency of Capital
mm	Money multiplier
MPPL	Marginal Physical Productivity of Labour
MPS	Marginal Propensity to Save
MR	Managerial Revenue
Ms	Nominal Money Supply
ms	Real Money Supply
MUC0	Marginal Utility of C0
n/N
N	Number of workers
p/P
P	Paasche index When talking about price indices
P	Average price per transaction
PV0	Present value at t=t0
PV1	Present value at t=t1
q/Q
Q	Output
r/R
r	Real interest rate
Rr	Reserve Ratio
RRr	Required Reserve Ratio
s/S
S	Households/Private Savings
Sa	Actual savings
Sd	Desired savings
SN	Labour Supply
t/T
T	Net Tax revenues
t	Marginal tax rate
T	Number of transactions
TPL	Total Labor Productivity
TR	Total Revenue
v/V
Vc	Income velocity of circulation
Vt	Transaction velocity of Money
w/W
W	Nominal wage rate
w	Real wage rate
x/X
X	Exports
XRr	Excess Reserves Ratio
y/Y
Y	Real National Income/Real NDP
y	Nominal National Income/Nominal GDP
Y*	Equilibrium level of output
Yd	Disposable Income
YFE	Level of output at full employment
Yi	Interest Income
Yr	Income from rentals and royalties
Yw	Income from wages, salaries
Yπd	Income from distributed business profit
Yπr	Income from retained business profit
Others
Γ	Capital loss/gain on consol
γ	% capital loss/gain on consol
δ	Depreciation rate
ΔJ	Changes in inventories
λ	Lagrange multiplier
σ	Standard deviation
σ2	Variance
Ώ	Percentage of total wealth in non-human form
Courtsey: Prof. Xavier de Vanssay